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首页 › 天之文 › 中国星象学之东方星官与西方星座

中国星象学之东方星官与西方星座

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3 年前天之文阅读 3,203

中国星官与西方星座交叠星图

中国星官图

西方星座图

中国星官(三垣二十八宿)

注:带星号(*)的星官:在唐《丹元子步天歌》中有记载,但在清乾隆《仪象考成》(历元为乾隆九年[公元1744年]甲子冬至)和清道光《仪象考成续编》(历元为道光廿四年[公元1844年]甲辰)中无记载

紫微垣(Purple Forbidden Enclosure)

  • 右垣(Right wall):右枢(Right pivot),少尉(Second chief judge),上辅(First minister),少辅(Second minister),上卫(First imperial guard),少卫(Second imperial guard),上丞(First prime minister)
  • 左垣(Left wall):左枢(Left pivot),上宰(First premier),少宰(Second premier),上弼(First minister),少弼(Second minister),上卫(First imperial guard),少卫(Second Imperial guard),少丞(Second prime minister)
  • 北极(Northern pole):太子(Crown prince),帝(Emperor),庶子(Son of concubine),后宫(Imperial concubine),天枢(纽星,Celestial pivot)
  • 北斗(Northern dipper):天枢(Celestial pivot),天璇(Celestial rotating jade),天玑(Celestial shining pearl),天权(Celestial balance),玉衡(Jade sighting-tube),开阳(Opener of heat),摇光(Twinkling brilliance)
  • 四辅(Four advisors),勾陈(Curved array),天柱(Celestial pillar),御女(Maids-in-waiting),尚书(Royal secretary),天床(Celestial bed),大理(Chief judge),阴德(Hidden virtue),六甲(Six JIA),五帝内座(Interior seats of five emperors),华盖(Canopy of the emperor),杠(Canopy support),内厨(Inner kitchen),天枪(Celestial spear),三公(Three excellencies),天理(Judge for nobility),天牢(Celestial prison),势(Eunuch),文昌(Administrative center),内阶(Inner steps),三师(Three top instructors),八谷(Eight kinds of crops),传舍(Guest house),天厨(Celestial kitchen),天棓(Celestial flail)
  • 天皇大帝(Great Emperor of Heaven),女史(Female protocol),柱史(Official of royal archives),天乙(天一,Celestial Great One),太乙(太一,Frist Great One),辅(Assistant),玄戈(Somber lance),相(Prime minister),太阳守(Guard of the Sun),太尊(Royals)

太微垣(Supreme Palace Enclosure)

  • 右垣(Right wall):右执法(Right law administrator),西上将(First western general),西次将(Second western general),西次相(Second western minister),西上相(First western minister)
  • 左垣(Left wall):左执法(Left law administrator),东上相(First eastern minister),东次相(Second eastern minister),东次将(Second eastern general),东上将(First eastern general)
  • 三台(Three steps):上台(Upper step),中台(Middle step),下台(Lower step)
  • 五帝座(Seats of the five emperors),五诸侯(Five feudal kings),九卿(Nine senior officers),三公(Three excellencies),内屏(Inner screen),郎位(Official of imperial guard),常陈(Imperial guards),少微(Junior officers),长垣(Long wall),灵台(Astronomical observatory),明堂(Cosmological temple)
  • 太子(Crown prince),从官(Retinue),幸臣(Officer of honor),郎将(Captain of the bodyguards),虎贲(Emperor's bodyguard),谒者(Usher of the court)

天市垣(Heavenly Market Enclosure)

  • 右垣(Right wall):河中(HEZHONG),河间(HEJIAN),晋(JIN),郑(ZHENG),周(ZHOU),秦(QIN),蜀(SHU),巴(BA),梁(LIANG),楚(CHU),韩(HAN)
  • 左垣(Left wall):魏(WEI),赵(ZHAO),九河(JIUHE),中山(ZHONGSHAN),齐(QI),吴越(WUYUE),徐(XU),东海(DONGHAI),燕(YAN),南海(NANHAI),宋(SONG)
  • 宦者(Eunuch official),斗(Dipper for liquids),斛(Dipper for solids),列肆(Jewel market),车肆(Commodity market),市楼(Municipal office),宗正(Official for royal clan),宗人(Official of religious ceremonies),宗(Patriarchal clan),帛度(Textile ruler),屠肆(Butcher's shops),天纪(Celestial Discipline),女床(Woman's bed),贯索(Coiled thong),七公(Seven excellencies)
  • 帝座(Emperor's seat),候(Astrologer)

东方苍龙(Azure Dragon of the East)

角宿(Horn Mansion)

  • 平道(Flat road),天田(Celestial farmland),周鼎(Tripod of the ZHOU),天门(Celestial gate),平(Judging),库楼(Arsenal),柱(Pillars),衡(Railings),南门(Southern gate)
  • 进贤(Recommending virtuous man)

亢宿(Neck Mansion)

  • 右摄提(Right conductor),左摄提(Left conductor),折威(Executions),顿顽(Trials),阳门(Gate of YANG)
  • 大角(Great horn)

氐宿(Root Mansion)

  • 亢池(Boats and lake),帝席(Mattress of the emperor),梗河(Celestial lance),天辐(Celestial spokes),阵车(Battle chariots),骑官(Imperial guards),车骑(Chariots and cavalry)
  • 招摇(Twinkling indicator),天乳(Celestial milk),骑阵将军(Chariot and Cavalry general)

房宿(Room Mansion)

  • 钩钤(Lock),罚(Punishment),西咸(Eastern door),东咸(Western door),从官(Retinue)
  • 键闭(Door bolt),日(Sun)

心宿(Heart Mansion)

  • 积卒(Group of soldiers)

尾宿(Tail Mansion)

  • 天江(Celestial river),龟(Tortoise)
  • 神宫(Changing room),傅说(FUYUE),鱼(Fish)

箕宿(Winnowing-basket Mansion)

  • 杵(Pestle)
  • 糠(Chaff)

北方玄武(Murky Warrior of the North)

斗宿(Dipper Mansion)

  • 天籥(Celestial keyhole),天弁(Market officer),建(Establishment),天鸡(Celestial cock),狗(Dog),狗国(Territory of dogs),天渊(Celestial spring),鳖(River turtle)
  • 农丈人(Peasant)

牛宿(Ox Mansion)

  • 天桴(Celestial drumstick),河鼓(Drum at the river),右旗(Right flag),左旗(Left flag),织女(Weaving girl),渐台(Clepsydra terrace),辇道(Imperial passageway),罗堰(Networks of dykes),天田(Celestial farmland),九坎(Nine water wells)

女宿(Girl Mansion)

  • 十二国(Twelve countries):周(ZHOU),秦(QIN),代(DAI),赵(ZHAO),越(YUE),齐(QI),楚(CHU),郑(ZHENG),魏(WEI),韩(HAN),晋(JIN),燕(YAN)
  • 离珠(Pearls on ladies' wear),败瓜(Rotten gourd),瓠瓜(Good gourd),天津(Celestial ford),奚仲(XIZHONG),扶筐(Basket for mulberry leaves)

虚宿(Emptiness Mansion)

  • 司命(Deified judge of life),司禄(Deified judge of rank),司危(Deified judge of disaster and good fortune),司非(Deified judge of right and wrong),哭(Crying),泣(Weeping),离瑜(Jade ornament on ladies' wear),天垒城(Celestial ramparts),败臼(Decayed Mortar)

危宿(Rooftop Mansion)

室宿(Encampment Mansion)

  • 离宫(Resting palace),螣蛇(Flying serpent),雷电(Thunder and lightning),土公吏(Official for materials supply),垒壁阵(The line of ramparts),羽林军(Palace guard),鈇钺(Axe),八魁(Net for catching birds)
  • 天纲(Materials for Making Tents),北落师门(North gate of the military camp)

壁宿(Wall Mansion)

  • 天厩(Celestial stable),土公(Official for earthworks and buildings),霹雳(Thunderbolt),云雨(Cloud and rain),鈇锧(Sickle)

西方白虎(White Tiger of the West)

奎宿(Legs Mansion)

  • 王良(WANGLIANG),阁道(Flying corridor),外屏(Outer fence),天溷(Celestial pigsty)
  • 策(Whip),附路(Auxiliary road),军南门(Southern military gate),土司空(Master of constructions)

娄宿(Bond Mansion)

  • 天大将军(Great general of the heaven),右更(Official in charge of pasturing),左更(Official in charge of forest),天仓(Square celestial granary),天庾(Ricks of grain)

胃宿(Stomach Mansion)

  • 大陵(Mausoleum),天船(Celestial boat),天廪(Celestial foodstuffs),天囷(Circular celestial granary)
  • 积尸(Heaps of corpses),积水(Stored water)

昴宿(Hairy Head Mansion)

  • 卷舌(Rolled tongue),砺石(Whetstone),天阴(Celestial YIN force),刍蒿(Hay),天苑(Celestial meadows)
  • 天阿(Celestial river),月(Moon),天谗(Celestial slander)

毕宿(Net Mansion)

  • 天街(Celestial street),天高(Celestial high terrace),诸王(Feudal kings),五车(Five chariots),柱(Pillars),咸池(Pool of harmony),天潢(Celestial pier),天节(Celestial tally),九州殊口(Interpreters of nine dialects),参旗(Banner of three stars),九斿(Imperial military flag),天园(Celestial orchard)
  • 附耳(Whisper),天关(Celestial gate)

觜宿(Turtle Beak Mansion)

  • 司怪(Deity in charge of monsters),座旗(Seat flags)

参宿(Three Stars Mansion)

  • 伐(Punishment),玉井(Jade well),军井(Military well),屏(Screen),厕(Toilet)
  • 屎(Excrement)

南方朱雀(Vermilion Bird of the South)

井宿(Well Mansion)

  • 水府(Official for irrigation),天樽(Celestial wine cup),五诸侯(Five feudal kings),北河(North river),水位(Water level),南河(South river),四渎(Four channels),阙丘(Palace gate),军市(Market for the soldiers),丈人(Grandfather),子(Son),孙(Grandson),弧矢(Bow and arrow)
  • 钺(Battle axe),积水(Accumulated water),积薪(Pile of firewood),野鸡(Wild cockerel),天狼(Celestial wolf),老人(Old man)

鬼宿(Ghosts Mansion)

  • 爟(Beacon fire),外厨(Outer kitchen),天狗(Celestial dog),天社(Celestial earth god's temple)
  • 积尸(Cumulative corpses),天记(Judge to estimate the age of animals)

柳宿(Willow Mansion)

  • 酒旗(Banner of wine shop)

星宿(Star Mansion)

  • 天相(Celestial premier),轩辕(XUANYUAN),内平(High judge),天稷*(Celestial cereals)
  • 御女(Maids-in-waiting)

张宿(Extended Net Mansion)

  • 天庙*(Celestial Temple)

翼宿(Wings Mansion)

  • 东瓯*(DONGOU)

轸宿(Chariot Mansion)

  • 青丘(Green hill),军门*(Military Gate),土司空*(Master of Construction),器府*(House for Musical Instruments)
  • 右辖(Right linchpin),左辖(Left linchpin),长沙(CHANGSHA)

南极星区(Southern Sky)

  • 海山(Sea and mountain),十字架(Cross),马尾(Horse's tail),马腹(Horse's abdomen),蜜蜂(Bee),三角形(Triangle),异雀(Exotic bird),孔雀(Peacock),波斯(Persia),蛇尾(Snake's tail),蛇腹(Snake's abdomen),蛇首(Snake's head),鸟喙(Bird's beak),鹤(Crane),火鸟(Firebird),水委(Crooked running water),附白(White patches nearby),夹白(White Patch attached),金鱼(Goldfish),海石(Sea rock),飞鱼(Flying fish),南船(Southern boat),小斗(Little dipper)

源自:余钊焕
参考:陈己雄《中国古星图》
陈遵妫《中国天文学史》
伊世同《中西对照恒星图表1950.0》
底图:Ed Vazhorov, Beginners Star Atlas

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